#ReaCT2025, n.6 – Year 6

#ReaCT2025, n. 6, Year 6: download the publication in PdF

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With this new edition, the Observatory’s research journey continues along the path laid down in previous years, while also taking a step forward. If, in the past Reports, we observed and described the evolution of jihadist terrorism, violent extremisms and anti-system manifestations as dynamic and fluid phenomena that were becoming ever less amenable to rigid categorisation, today we must acknowledge that the picture evolved even further. Terrorism can no longer be analysed solely as an organisational fact or as the expression of identifiable clandestine structures; it must increasingly be interpreted as a form of conflict embedded within a complex ecosystem in which propaganda, trauma, technology, emotional mobilisation and social vulnerabilities are deeply intertwined. #ReaCT2025 is rooted in this awareness. The report retains its dual nature as both a scientific publication and a collective work, the product of researchers, scholars, analysts and professionals from different backgrounds, united by the common aim of understanding phenomena that defy simplification and instead demand a cross-cutting, multidisciplinary and up-to-date perspective. To all of them go both my personal gratitude and that of the Observatory: for their rigour, their dedication, and their ability to read the present without yielding either to alarmism or to superficiality. (Claudio Bertolotti, Director, www.osservatorioreact.it )

INDICE/INDEX (in Italian and English)

Claudio Bertolotti (ITA), La parola al Direttore

Claudio Bertolotti (ENG), A word from the Director         

Claudio Bertolotti (ITA), #ReaCT2025 – Il Sommario. Terrorismo, radicalizzazione e minacce ibride tra dati e guerra cognitiva.

Claudio Bertolotti (ENG), #ReaCT2025 – The Summary – Terrorism, radicalisation, and hybrid threats between data and cognitive warfare

Claudio Bertolotti (ITA), Terrorismo jihadista in Europa: traiettorie storiche, dinamiche sociali e trasformazioni operative nell’attuale fase di mutamento globale. Evidenze e risultati dell’Osservatorio ReaCT sul radicalismo e il contrasto al terrorismo

Claudio Bertolotti (ENG), Jihadist Terrorism in Europe: historical trajectories, social dynamics, and operational transformations in the current phase of global change. Evidence and findings from the ReaCT Observatory on radicalisation and counter-terrorism.

Andrea Molle (ITA), Il sovranismo in Europa: cornici narrative e andamenti empirici in Italia e Svizzera

Andrea Molle (ENG), A Laboratory of Identity for the European Right

Andrea Molle (ITA), Profilo di rischio degli autori di violenza politica: Stati Uniti vs Unione Europea (UE-27)

Andrea Molle (ENG), Risk Profile of Political Violence Offenders: United States vs European Union (EU-27)

Francesco Bergoglio Errico (ITA), Analisi della documentazione giudiziaria italiana inerente al terrorismo jihadista dal 2011 al 2025

Francesco Bergoglio Errico (ENG), Analysing Italian jihadism through court records from 2011 to 2025

Barbara Lucini (ITA), Conflitti e violenze: la minaccia radicale in un mondo che cambia

Barbara Lucini (ENG), Conflict and violence: the radical threat in a changing world

Marco Lombardi, Emilio Palmieri (ITA), Minacce ibride e guerra cognitiva: verso una nuova architettura dell’intelligence

Marco Lombardi, Emilio Palmieri (ENG), Hybrid threats and cognitive warfare: towards a new architecture of intelligence

Anna Calabresi (ITA), La guerra cognitiva: trauma, manipolazione e radicalizzazione nell’epoca dell’incertezza

Anna Calabresi (ENG), Cognitive warfare, collective trauma, radicalization: systemic risks and integrated responses

Elisabeth Harnes (ITA) L’adescamento di minori e giovani transnazionali verso l’estremismo islamista violento

Elisabeth Harnes (ENG), Grooming of transnational children and youth to violent islamist extremism

Sören Henrich (ITA), Dalla psicologia forense, una breve nota su come comprendere la violenza estremista nel 2025

Sören Henrich (ENG), From forensic psychology: a brief note on how to understand extremist violence in 2025

Matteo Vergani, Andrea Giovannetti (ITA), Come integrare gli interventi “soft” e “hard” per arginare l’estremismo online

Matteo Vergani, Andrea Giovannetti (ENG), How “Soft” and “Hard” interventions can work together to curb online extremism

Chiara Sulmoni (ITA), Radicalizzazione 2025: il nuovo volto dell’estremismo in Europa

Chiara Sulmoni (ENG), Radicalisation 2025: the new face of extremism in Europe.

Ludovico Camposampiero (ITA), Gli attivisti identitari agiscono come influencer della destra radicale e cercano la normalizzazione politica. Intervista di Chiara Sulmoni.

Ludovico Camposampiero (ENG), Identitarian activists act as influencers of the radical right and seek political normalization. An interview with journalist Ludovico Camposampiero by Chiara Sulmoni

Mauro Lubrano (ITA), Fermate le macchine: l’ascesa dell’estremismo antitecnologico

Mauro Lubrano (ENG), Stop the Machines: The rise of anti-Technology extremism

Iuliia Iashchenko, Andrea Carteny (ITA), Echi del conflitto: la guerra russo-ucraina, la radicalizzazione online e il reclutamento per il sabotaggio nell’UE

Iuliia Iashchenko, Andrea Carteny (ENG), Echoes of conflict: the Russo-Ukrainian war, online radicalization and sabotage recruitment in the EU

Antonio Giustozzi (ITA), Perché’ l’ondata terroristica dello Stato Islamico si è fermata nella seconda metà del 2024

Antonio Giustozzi (ENG), Why the Islamic State’s terrorist wave stopped in the second half of 2024

Alessandra Lanzetti (ITA), Al-Shabaab e la strategia di propaganda. Evoluzione mediatica, narrazioni e implicazioni regionali

Alessandra Lanzetti (ENG), Al-Shabaab and the propaganda strategy. Media evolution, narratives, and regional implications

Lilla Schumicky-Logan, Khalid Koser (ITA), I Cuccioli del Califfato: perché rimpatrio e riabilitazione sono cruciali per la sicurezza dell’Europa

Lilla Schumicky-Logan, Khalid Koser (ENG),The cubs of the caliphate: why repatriation and rehabilitation are critical to Europe’s security

Tarja Mankkinen, Paul Gill (ITA), EUKH on Prevention of Radicalization. Panel tematico su attori solitari e salute mentale – risultati e lezioni apprese

Tarja Mankkinen, Paul Gill (ENG), EUKH on prevention of radicalization: Thematic Panel “Lone Actors and Mental Health Issues” – results and lessons learnt

Luca Tenzi (ITA), Dai Balcani alla Svizzera: la nuova frontiera della guerra ibrida europea

Luca Tenzi (ENG),The Balkans and Switzerland: the emerging frontline of hybrid conflict in Europe

Magdalena El Ghamari (ITA), Bersagli, non minacce? Mappare i vettori di sicurezza nelle diaspore tagike e cecene in Polonia

Magdalena El Ghamari (ENG),Targets, not threats? Mapping security vectors in Tajik and Chechen diasporas in Poland

Luca Guglielminetti (ITA), La diplomazia delle vittime

Luca Guglielminetti (ENG), The diplomacy of victims

Ahmed Ajil (ITA), Migrazione, sicurezza e religione: ripensare un dibattito controverso

Ahmed Ajil (ENG), Migration, security, and religion: rethinking a contested debate